Magaca Alaabta:polyurethane

Qaab dhismeedka molecular ee alaabta:

Guryaha Kiimikada:

Polyurethane waxaa markii ugu horreysay soo saaray oo baaray Dr. Otto Bayer 1937. Polyurethane waa polymer kaas oo unugga soo noqnoqda uu ka kooban yahay unug kaadi mareen ah.Urethanes waa asiidhyada karbamic ee ka jira oo kaliya qaabka ester-kooda[15].Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee PU waa in silsiladdu aysan ka koobnayn atamka kaarboonka laakiin halkii ay ka samaysan tahay heteroatoms, oxygen, carbon iyo nitrogen[4].Codsiyada warshadaha, xarun polyhydroxyl ayaa loo isticmaali karaa.Sidoo kale, xeryahooda nitrogen poly-functional waxaa loo isticmaali karaa isku xirka amide.Beddelida iyo kala duwanaanshaha polyhydroxyl iyo xeryahooda nitrogen polyfunctional, PU-yada kala duwan ayaa la isku dhejin karaa[15].Polyester-ka ama caarada polyeter-ka ee ay ku jiraan kooxaha hydroxyl ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro polyesteror polyether-PU, siday u kala horreeyaan[6].Kala duwanaanshaha tirada beddelka iyo kala fogaanshaha u dhexeeya iyo gudaha silsiladaha laanta waxay soo saaraan PU-yo u dhexeeya toosan ilaa laamo iyo 9exable ilaa adag.PU-yada tooska ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista fiilooyinka iyo qaabeynta[6].PU-yada dabacsan ayaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista walxaha xidhxidhan iyo dahaarka[5].Balaastig dabacsan oo adag, kuwaas oo ka kooban inta badan PU-yada la soo saaro, waxaa laga heli karaa noocyo kala duwan oo warshadaha[7].Iyadoo la isticmaalayo prepolymer-mass molecular hoose, copolymers block oo kala duwan ayaa la soo saari karaa.Kooxda hydroxyl terminal waxay u oggolaanaysaa baloogyada beddelka ah, ee loo yaqaan qaybaha, in la geliyo silsiladda PU.Kala duwanaanshiyaha qaybahan ayaa keenaya heerar kala duwan oo ah xoogga jilicsanaanta iyo dabacsanaanta.Baloogyada bixiya weji crystalline adag oo ay ku jiraan silsiladaha fidiyaha ayaa loo tixraacaa qaybo adag[7].Kuwa soo saara wajiga caagga ah ee amorfiska ah oo ay ku jiraan polyester-ka waxaa loo yaqaannaa qaybo jilicsan.Ganacsi ahaan, polymer-yadan block-ka ah waxaa loo yaqaanaa malax-qaybsan

Codsiga:

Polyurethane dabacsan inta badan waa qaab-dhismeed toosan oo leh heerkulbeeg heerkulbeeg ah, kaas oo leh xasillooni ka wanaagsan, caabbinta kiimikaad, adkeysi iyo sifooyin farsamaysan marka loo eego xumbo PVC, oo leh kala duwanaansho cadaadis yar.Waxay leedahay dahaarka kulaylka wanaagsan, dahaarka dhawaaqa, iska caabin shoogga iyo sifooyinka sunta.Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo isticmaalaa baakad ahaan, dahaarka dhawaaqa iyo walxaha shaandhaynta.Caag adag oo poliurethane ah waa iftiin, dahaarka dhawaaqa, dahaarka kulaylka sare, caabbinta kiimikada, sifooyinka korantada ee wanaagsan, habaynta sahlan, iyo nuugista biyaha hoose.Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida qalab dhismeed oo loogu talagalay dhismaha, baabuurta, warshadaha duulista, dahaarka kulaylka iyo kulaylka.Waxqabadka elastomer Polyurethane ee u dhexeeya caagagga iyo caagga, caabbinta saliidda, caabbinta xidhashada, iska caabbinta heerkulka hooseeya, caabbinta gabowga, adkaanta sare, barti.Waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa warshadaha kabaha iyo warshadaha caafimaadka.Polyurethane sidoo kale waxaa laga samayn karaa xabag, dahaar, maqaar synthetic, iwm.