Polycarbonate (PC) waa silsilad molecular oo ka kooban kooxda karbonat, marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedka molecular ee leh kooxo ester kala duwan, waxaa loo qaybin karaa aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, kuwaas oo ah qiimaha ugu waxtarka badan ee kooxda udugga, iyo nooca ugu muhiimsan ee bisphenol A. polycarbonate, celceliska culeyska guud ee culeyska molecular (Mw) ee 20-100,000.

Sawir qaab-dhismeedka PC

Polycarbonate waxay leedahay xoog wanaagsan, adag, hufnaan, kulaylka iyo iska caabinta qabow, habaynta fudud, ololka ololka iyo waxqabadka kale ee dhamaystiran, codsiyada hoose ee hoose waa qalabka elektarooniga ah, xaashida iyo baabuurta, saddexdan warshadood waxay xisaabiyaan 80% isticmaalka polycarbonate, kuwa kale Qaybaha mishiinada warshadaha, CD-ROM-ka, baakadaha, qalabka xafiisyada, caafimaadka iyo caafimaadka, filimada, qalabka firaaqada iyo agabka ilaalinta iyo qaybo kale oo badan ayaa sidoo kale lagu gaadhay codsiyo kala duwan, iyaga oo noqday mid ka mid ah shanta caagagga injineernimada ee qaybta ugu dhakhsaha badan u koraya.

Sannadka 2020, awoodda wax-soo-saarka PC-ga caalamiga ah ee ku saabsan 5.88 milyan oo tan, awoodda wax-soo-saarka PC-ga Shiinaha ee 1.94 milyan tan / sannadkii, wax-soo-saarka qiyaastii 960,000 oo tan, halka isticmaalka muuqata ee polycarbonate ee Shiinaha ee 2020 uu gaadhay 2.34 milyan oo tan, waxaa jira farqi ku dhawaad ​​1.38 milyan oo tan, ayaa u baahan in laga keeno dalal shisheeye.Baahida suuqa weyn ayaa soo jiidatay maalgashi badan si loo kordhiyo wax soo saarka, waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay jiraan mashruucyo badan oo PC ah oo la dhisayo laguna soo jeediyay Shiinaha isla mar ahaantaana, awoodda wax soo saarka gudaha waxay ka badan doontaa 3 milyan oo tan / sanadka saddexda sano ee soo socota. iyo warshadaha kombuyuutarku waxay muujinayaan isbeddel degdeg ah oo loogu wareejinayo Shiinaha.

Haddaba, waa maxay hababka wax soo saarka ee PC?Waa maxay taariikhda horumarka PC gudaha iyo dibadda?Waa maxay soosaarayaasha PC ee ugu waaweyn Shiinaha?Marka xigta, waxaan si kooban u sameynaa shanlo.

PC saddex hababka wax soo saarka caadiga ah

Habka gaaska condensation polycondensation Interface, habka sarrifka ester dhalaalid dhaqameed iyo non-photogas shuban ester habka beddelka waa saddexda hab ee wax soo saarka ugu weyn ee warshadaha PC.
Sawirka Sawirka
1. Habka fosgene condensation polycondensation ee dhexda ah

Waa falcelinta fosgene-ka ee dareeraha dareeraha ah iyo dareeraha sodium hydroxide ee bisphenol A si ay u soo saarto polycarbonate miisaan yar, ka dibna lagu ururiyo polycarbonate molecular sare.Hal mar, qiyaastii 90% alaabada polycarbonate warshadaha ayaa lagu sameeyay habkan.

Faa'iidooyinka interfacial polycondensation phosgene habka PC yihiin qaraabo miisaanka molecular sare, kaas oo gaari kara 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, iyo alaabta saafi ah, guryaha indhaha wanaagsan, caabbinta hydrolysis ka wanaagsan, iyo processing fudud.Khasaaraha ayaa ah in habka polymerization uu u baahan yahay isticmaalka fosgene-ka sunta ah ee aadka u sunta ah iyo dareerayaasha organic-ga ah ee sunta ah sida methylene chloride, oo keena wasakh deegaan oo halis ah.

Habka sarrifka ester ee dhalaalka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan polymerization ontogenic, waxaa markii ugu horreysay soo saaray Bayer, iyadoo la adeegsanayo bisphenol A iyo diphenyl carbonate (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), heerkul sare, faaruq sare, joogitaanka joogitaanka ester beddelka, pre-condensation, uumi falcelin.

Marka loo eego agabka ceeriin ee loo isticmaalo habka DPC, waxa loo qaybin karaa hab dhaqameed dhaqameed oo dhalaalid ester sarrifka ah (sidoo kale loo yaqaan habka gaaska aan tooska ahayn) iyo habka isweydaarsiga ester-ka dhalaalaysa ee aan sawirka ahayn.

2. Habka isweydaarsiga dhalaalka ester-ka ee dhaqameed

Waxay u qaybsantaa 2 tillaabo: (1) phosgene + phenol → DPC;(2) DPC + BPA → PC, kaas oo ah habka fosgene-ka ee aan tooska ahayn.

Nidaamku waa gaaban yahay, dareere-la'aan ah, kharashka wax-soo-saarkuna wax yar ayuu ka hooseeyaa habka phosgene condensation ee wajiga, laakiin habka wax-soo-saarka DPC ayaa wali isticmaala fosgene, iyo badeecada DPC waxay ka kooban tahay raadadka kooxaha chloroformate, taas oo saameyn doonta badeecada ugu dambeysa. tayada PC, kaas oo ilaa xad xaddidaya kor u qaadida habka.

3. Habka beddelka ester-ka dhalaalaysa ee aan fosgene-ka ahayn

Habkani wuxuu u qaybsan yahay 2 tillaabo: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC;(2) DPC + BPA → PC, kaas oo u isticmaala dimethyl carbonate DMC sida walxo ceeriin iyo phenol si ay u soo saaraan DPC.

phenol-ka-soo-saarka ee laga helay is-weydaarsiga ester-ka iyo uumiga ayaa dib loo warshadayn karaa isku-dhafka geeddi-socodka DPC, sidaas darteed xaqiijinta dib-u-isticmaalka alaabta iyo dhaqaalaha wanaagsan;sababtoo ah nadiifinta sare ee alaabta ceeriin, badeecadu sidoo kale uma baahna in la qalajiyo oo la dhaqo, tayada alaabtuna waa wanaagsan tahay.Nidaamku ma isticmaalo fosgene-ka, waa mid deegaanka u fiican, waana dariiq geeddi-socod cagaaran ah.

Iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha qaranka ee shirkadaha batroolka 'saddexda qashinka Iyada oo la kordhinayo shuruudaha qaranka ee badbaadada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ee shirkadaha petrochemical iyo xaddidaadda isticmaalka fosgene-ka, tikniyoolajiyadda aan-phosgene-ka dhalaalaysa ee ester-ka beddelka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u beddeli doonta habka polycondensation interfacial ee mustaqbalka sida jihada horumarinta tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka PC ee adduunka.