Polycarbonate (PC) waa silsilad kelli ah oo ka kooban kooxda karbonat, marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedka molecular oo leh kooxo ester oo kala duwan, waxaa loo qaybin karaa aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, kuwaas oo ah qiimaha ugu waxtarka badan ee kooxda udgoonka, iyo bisphenol A nooca polycarbonate, miisaanka guud ee culus celceliska molecular (Mw) ee 20-100,00000.

Sawir qaab-dhismeedka PC

Polycarbonate waxay leedahay xoog wanaagsan, adkaanshaha, hufnaanta, kulaylka iyo iska caabinta qabow, hab fudud, dabci ololka iyo waxqabadka kale ee dhamaystiran, codsiyada hoose ee hoose waa qalabka elektarooniga ah, xaashida iyo baabuurta, saddexdan warshadood waxay ku xisaabtamaan 80% isticmaalka polycarbonate, kuwa kale ee qaybaha mashiinnada warshadaha, CD-ROM, baakadaha, qalabka xafiiska, daryeelka caafimaadka iyo qalabka kale ee ilaalinta, iyo sidoo kale qalab kale oo badan oo ilaalin ah. Codsiyada, noqoshada mid ka mid ah shanta caagagga injineernimada ee qaybta ugu koraysa.

In 2020, awoodda wax soo saarka PC caalamiga ah oo ku saabsan 5.88 million tons, Shiinaha ee awoodda wax soo saarka PC ee 1.94 million tons / sanadkii, wax soo saarka ee ku saabsan 960,000 tons, halka isticmaalka muuqata ee polycarbonate ee Shiinaha ee 2020 gaaray 2.34 million tons, waxaa jira farqi ah oo ku dhawaad ​​laga soo dhoofiyo malaayiin dalalka shisheeye 1.3. Baahida suuqa weyn ayaa soo jiidatay maalgashi badan si loo kordhiyo wax soo saarka, waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ay jiraan mashaariic badan oo PC ah oo la dhisayo laguna soo jeediyay Shiinaha isla mar ahaantaana, awoodda wax soo saarka gudaha waxay ka badan doontaa 3 milyan oo tan / sanadka saddexda sano ee soo socota, iyo warshadaha PC-ga ayaa muujinaya isbeddel degdeg ah oo loogu wareejinayo Shiinaha.

Haddaba, waa maxay hababka wax soo saarka ee PC? Waa maxay taariikhda horumarka PC gudaha iyo dibadda? Waa maxay soosaarayaasha PC ee ugu waaweyn Shiinaha? Marka xigta, waxaan si kooban u sameynaa shanlo.

PC saddex hababka wax soo saarka caadiga ah

Habka gaaska condensation polycondensation Interface, habka sarrifka ester dhalaalid dhaqameed iyo non-photogas shuban ester habka beddelka waa saddexda hab ee wax soo saarka ugu weyn ee warshadaha PC.
Sawirka Sawirka
1. Habka fosgene condensation polycondensation ee dhexda ah

Waa falcelinta fosgene-ka ee dareeraha dareeraha ah iyo dareeraha sodium hydroxide ee bisphenol A si ay u soo saarto polycarbonate miisaan yar, ka dibna lagu ururiyo polycarbonate molecular sare. Hal mar, qiyaastii 90% alaabada polycarbonate warshadaha ayaa lagu sameeyay habkan.

Faa'iidooyinka interfacial polycondensation phosgene habka PC yihiin qaraabo miisaanka molecular sare, kaas oo gaari kara 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, iyo alaabta saafi ah, guryaha indhaha wanaagsan, caabbinta hydrolysis ka wanaagsan, iyo processing fudud. Khasaaraha ayaa ah in habka polymerization uu u baahan yahay isticmaalka fosgene-ka sunta ah ee aadka u sunta ah iyo dareerayaasha organic-ga ah ee sunta ah sida methylene chloride, oo keena wasakh deegaan oo halis ah.

Habka sarrifka ester-ka dhalaalka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano polymerization ontogenic, ayaa markii ugu horreysay soo saartay Bayer, iyadoo la adeegsanayo bisphenol A iyo diphenyl carbonate (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), heerkul sare, faaruq sare, joogitaanka joogitaanka ester beddelka, pre-condensation, falcelinta uumiga.

Marka loo eego agabka ceeriin ee loo isticmaalo habka DPC, waxa loo qaybin karaa hab dhaqameed dhaqameed oo dhalaalid ester sarrifka ah (sidoo kale loo yaqaan habka gaaska aan tooska ahayn) iyo habka isweydaarsiga ester-ka dhalaalaysa ee aan sawirka ahayn.

2. Habka wax-is-weydaarsiga dhalaalidda ester-ka dhaqameed

Waxay u qaybsantaa 2 tillaabo: (1) phosgene + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, kaas oo ah habka fosgene-ka ee aan tooska ahayn.

Nidaamku waa gaaban yahay, dareere-la'aan, iyo kharashka wax soo saarku wax yar ayuu ka hooseeyaa habka phosgene-ka ee isdhaafsiga, laakiin habka wax-soo-saarka DPC ayaa wali isticmaala fosgene, iyo sheyga DPC-ga waxaa ku jira tirooyin raad raac ah kooxaha chloroformate, taas oo saameyn doonta tayada ugu dambeysa ee PC, taas oo ilaa xad xaddidaysa kor u qaadida habka.

3. Habka beddelka ester-ka dhalaalaysa ee aan fosgene-ka ahayn

Habkani wuxuu u qaybsan yahay 2 tillaabo: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, kaas oo u isticmaala dimethyl carbonate DMC sida walxo ceeriin iyo phenol si ay u soo saaraan DPC.

phenol-ka-soo-saarka ee laga helay is-weydaarsiga ester-ka iyo uumiga ayaa dib loo warshadayn karaa isku-dhafka geeddi-socodka DPC, sidaas darteed xaqiijinta dib-u-isticmaalka alaabta iyo dhaqaalaha wanaagsan; sababtoo ah nadiifinta sare ee alaabta ceeriin, badeecadu sidoo kale uma baahna in la qalajiyo oo la dhaqo, tayada alaabtuna waa wanaagsan tahay. Nidaamku ma isticmaalo fosgene-ka, waa mid deegaanka u fiican, waana dariiq geeddi-socod cagaaran ah.

Iyada oo shuruudaha qaranka ee shirkadaha petrochemical 'saddex qashinka Iyadoo kororka shuruudaha qaranka ee badbaadada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ee shirkadaha petrochemical iyo xaddidaadda isticmaalka phosgene-ka, technology aan-phosgene dhalaalaysa ester sarrifka si tartiib tartiib ah u bedeli doonaa habka polycondensation interfacial mustaqbalka sida jihada horumarinta tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka PC ee adduunka.