Vinyl acetate (Ver), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Vinyl acetate ama vinyl acetate, waa dareere midab leh oo hufan oo heerkulka caadiga ah iyo cadaadiska molikal ah ee c4h6o2 iyo culeyska molikalivent ee 86.9. Fasaxa, sida mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu badan ee warshadaha ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo adduunka ee adduunka, waxay abuuri karaan waxyaabo katirsan sida resin polyvinyl (PVavinyl aalkolka (PVavinylLonile) (PVA) iyada oo loo marayo is-dhexgalka polympheration (polyvyllonitrile) is-beddelka polympheration (polyvylitrization-ka monomers kale. Aasaasiyadan ayaa si balaadhan loogu isticmaalaa dhismaha, dharka, mashiinnada, mashiinnada, iyo hagaajinta ciidda. Sababo la xiriira horumarka degdega ah ee warshadaha Terminalka ee sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, soosaarka Vinyl acetate ayaa muujisay isbeddel ah oo sii kordhaya Sannadkii 2018.
1, geeddi-socodka acetylene
Sanadkii 1912, F. Klatte, oo ah Canadian, oo markii ugu horreysay ogaatay Vinyl wuxuu ku dhejiyaa acetylene-ka iyo aashitada aashitada ee hoostiisa, heerkulka u dhexeeya 60 illaa 100 ℃ ℃, iyo u adeegsiga meerkurida ay tahay wax lagula jiro. Sanadkii 1921, Shirkadda Cei ee Jarmalka ayaa horumarisay teknolojiyad loogu talagalay wejiga uumiga uumiga ee synthesis of vinyl uu ka soo baxo acetylene iyo acetic acid. Tan iyo markaas, cilmi-baarayaashu dalalka kala duwan ayaa si isdaba joog ah u hagaajinaya hanaanka iyo shuruudaha isku-darka 'vinyl ay ka soo baxaan acetylene. Sanadkii 1928, shirkadda Holecnst ee Jarmalka waxay dhistay cutub 12 kt / a vinyl agetate ah, oo gartay soosaarka baaxadda weyn ee vinyl acetate. Isla'egta loo soo saarayo vinyl acetate habka acetyrene waa sida soo socota:
Falcelin guud:

Dhibaatooyinka soo raaca:

Habka acetyrene-ka wuxuu u qaybsan yahay habka wejiga dareeraha iyo habka wejiga gaaska.
Wajiga Falanqaynta ee habka wejiga dareeraha ee acetylene-ka waa dareere, oo falcelintu waa haanta falcelinta oo leh aalad kareyso. Sababo la xiriira galka wajiga dareeraha ah sida xulashada hoose iyo alaabada badan, habkan waxaa lagu beddelay habka gaaska gaaska ee acetylene-ga xilligan.
Sida laga soo xigtay ilaha gaaska ee kala duwan ee gaaska acetylene, habka wejiga gaaska ee acetylenene-ka ayaa loo qaybin karaa gaaska gaaska dabiiciga ah ee acetylene borsen iyo habka wax lagu buufiyo ee acetyrene.
Nidaamka Borden wuxuu adeegsadaa acetic acid sida adsorbent, oo si weyn u wanaajisa heerka adeegsiga acetylene. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dariiqani waa mid farsamo ahaan adag oo u baahan qarash aad u sarreeya, sidaa darteed habkani wuxuu faa iido u leeyahay meelaha hodan ku ah ilaha gaaska dabiiciga ah.
Nidaamka muckker wuxuu u adeegsadaa acetylene iyo aashitada aashitada ee laga soo saaray kaalshiyamka kareemka ah sida qalabka ceyriinka ah, iyadoo loo adeegsado cunnooyin firfircoon oo ku saabsan sidii side. Teknolojiyadda geediyooyinka ayaa ah mid fudud oo leh wax soo saarka oo hooseeya, laakiin waxaa jira qaladaadyo ay ka mid yihiin luminta khafiifka ah ee ka kooban qaybaha firfircoon, deganaanshaha liita, iyo isticmaalka tamarta weyn, iyo wasakhda weyn.
2, Nidaamka Ethylene
Ethylene, oksijiinka, iyo aashitada barafka ah waa saddex shey oo ceyriin ah oo loo isticmaalo chetylenene-ka synthesis-ka geedi socodka acetate ee Vinyl. Qeybta ugu weyn ee firfircoon ee ka qeybqaadashada tilmaanta ayaa caadi ahaan ah in sideedaad ee kooxda birta gorgorta ah ee sharafta leh, kaas oo ka falceliya heerkulka cafiska qaarkood iyo cadaadiska. Ka dib markii lagu gudajiro howsha xigay, bartilmaameedka badeecada vinyl acetate ayaa ugu dambeyntii la helay. Sinnaanta falcelinta waa sida soo socota:
Falcelin guud:

Dhibaatooyinka soo raaca:

Nidaamka wejiga uumiga ee Chethylene-ka waxaa markii ugu horreysay uu soo saaray Shirkadaha Bayer waxaana la dhigay wax soo saar warshadeed oo loogu talagalay soosaarka Vinyl acetate sanadkii 1968. Khadadka wax soo saarka ayaa lagu aasaasay dhageysiga iyo Bayer ee ku yaal shirkadda Jarmalka iyo kuwa rabshadaha ee Jarmalka, siday u kala horreeyaan. Inta badan waa paltadium ama dahab lagu rakibay taageerooyinka aashitada ee aashitada, sida silsiladaha Silica gel ee leh radius 4-5mm, iyo ku darista xaddi badan oo potassium ah, oo hagaajin kara nashaadaadka iyo xulashada keenta. Hawsha isku-darka ah ee isku-darka vinyl acetate iyadoo la adeegsanayo 'Ethelne Fog' Fidk Finse wuxuu la mid yahay habka Bayer, waxaana loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood: Isku-darka iyo mushtikada. Nidaamka USI wuxuu gaadhay codsi warshadeed sanadkii 1969. Waxyaabaha firfircoon ee ka mid ah wax-ka-soo-nooleyaasha ayaa inta badan ah palladium iyo platinum, iyo wakiilka kaabayaasha ah waa acetate, oo lagu taageerayo xamuulka alumina. Xaaladaha fal-celinta waa mid dhexdhexaad ah oo wax ka dhalatadu waxay leedahay nolol dheer, laakiin dhalidda-waqtiga-dambe ayaa hooseeya. Marka la barbar dhigo habka acetylement, habka wejiga uumiga eethylene-ka uu si weyn u fiicnaaday teknolojiyadda, iyo tikniyoolajiyada loo adeegsado habka etheylen-ka ayaa si isdaba joog ah u hagaajiyay waxqabadka iyo xulashada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, habka fal-celinta ee falcelinta iyo qaab-dhismeedka dukaameysiga ayaa wali loo baahan yahay in la baaro.
Soosaarka vinyl wuxuu asaasayaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka ethellene uu adeegsanayo tuubbo tuubbooyin ah oo uu ka buuxo ka buuxaan. Gaaska quudinta ayaa ku soo gala jawaabta kore, iyo markii ay la xiriiraan sariirta xasaasiga ah, ficil-celinta cunsuriyadda waxay dhacdaa si ay u abuuraan badeecada bartilmaameedka ah ee Vinyl acetate-ka Vinyl acetate iyo qadar yar oo ah kaarboon-wax-soo-saarka. Sababo la xiriira dabeecadda qudhooda ee falcelinta, biyaha la cadaadiyay waxaa lagu soo rogay dhinaca qolofta ee ka-hortagga si looga saaro kuleylka falcelinta iyadoo la adeegsanayo uumiga biyaha.
Marka la barbar dhigo habka acetylement, habka ethetylenene waxay leedahay astaamaha qaab dhismeedka aaladda la isku dhafto, wax soo saarka weyn, isticmaalka tamarta yar, iyo wasakhda, iyo qiimaha badeecada ay ka hooseyso tan habka acetyrene. Tayada wax soo saarka ayaa ka sarreysa, oo xaalada dhirtana ma aha mid daran. Sidaa darteed, habka etheylem wuxuu si tartiib tartiib ah loo beddelay habka acetylene ka dib 1970-yadii. Sida ku xusan tirakoobka aan dhameystirneyn, qiyaastii 70% ee banaan ee uu soo saaray habka ethylene ee adduunka ayaa noqotay mid guud oo ah hababka wax soo saarka.
Xilligan, teknolojiyadda wax soo saarka ee ugu horumarsan ee adduunka waa howsha boodhka ee BP iyo geedi socodka ka-dhigga ee Celenese. Marka la barbar dhigo nidaamka dhaqanka gaaska ee gaaska ee jiifka ah, labadan teknoolojiyadda geediyuhu waxay si weyn u hagaajiyeen qalabka falcelinta iyo soo-saareyaasha ugu sareeya cutubka, hagaajinta dhaqaalaha iyo badbaadada qalliinka.
Uelese waxay sameysay hanaanno cusub oo go'an oo ah wax ka qabashada dhibaatooyinka qaybinta sariirta sadarka ee aan sinnayn iyo is-beddelka mid ka mid ah isu beddelka hal-ka-qaabayaasha sariirta go'an. Soojiidatoodu waxay u isticmaashay howshan wali waa sariir go'an, laakiin horumar la taaban karo ayaa loo sameeyay nidaamka wax soo saarka, iyo aaladaha soo kabashada ee ethelne-ka lagu daro gaaska dabada, oo ka gudbaya khaladaadka dabada ee hababka jiifka. Soosaarka badeecada vinyl acetate aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa kan aaladaha la midka ah. Geeddi-socodka ayaa u adeegsadaa Platinum waa qaybta ugu weyn ee firfircoon, siliga Gel maadaama xamuul xamuul ah, iyo biraha kale ee hufan sida prodhanide 'oo kale sida prrausymium iyo nexymium. Marka la barbar dhigo wax-u-dhigista dhaqameedyada, xulashada, nashaadaadka, iyo dhalidda-waqtiga-ka-dhigga ee wax soo saarka ayaa la hagaajiyaa.
BP Amoco waxay sameysay hanaanka wejiga gaaska ee caloosha ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan hannaanka hanaanka ee boodboodka ah, oo uu dhisay 250 kt / gabal sariir oo dareere ah oo ku yaal Hull, England. Adeegsiga hanaankan si loo soo saaro Vinyl acetate wuxuu yareyn karaa qiimaha wax soo saarka ee 30%, iyo dhalidda waqtiga bannaan ee keenista (18-12)
Hantida la-boodboodka ah wuxuu adeegsadaa gogosha sariirta dareeraha ah markii ugu horreysay, kaas oo leh faa'iidooyinka soo socda marka loo eego sariirta jiifka go'an:
1) Injirta dareeraha ah ee dareeraha ah, soo-saarka si isdaba joog ah ayaa loo kala qaybiyaa oo isku dhafan, taas oo gacan ka geysata kala-soocidda labiska ee dhiirrigelinta dhiirrigelinta dhiirrigelinta dhiirrigelinta ku-faafidda.
2) Marxaladda dareeraha ah ee dareeraha ah ayaa si joogto ah u beddeli kara dawada ka-hortagga ah
3) Heerkulka dareenka sariirta ee dareerayaashu waa mid joogto ah, oo yareynaya taabta dib-u-haynta sababtuna tahay kuleylka maxalliga ah, sidaasna u kordhineysa nolosha adeegga.
4) Habka ka saarida kuleylka ee loo adeegsado ee lagu isticmaalo hilibka doofaarka ee dareeraha ah wuxuu ka saadaaliyaa qaab-dhismeedka qaab-dhismeedka wuxuuna yareeyaa mugga. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, hal naqshad oo falcelin ah ayaa loo isticmaali karaa rakibaadda kiimikada ee baaxadda weyn, oo si weyn u wanaajinaya hufnaanta cabirkii aaladda.