Suuqa Shiinaha, habka wax soo saarka ee MMA wuxuu u horumaray ku dhawaad ​​lix nooc, hababkaas oo dhanna waa la warshadeeyay.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaalada tartanka MMA aad ayey ugu kala duwan tahay hababka kala duwan.

Hadda, waxaa jira saddex hab-soo-saarka guud ee MMA:

Habka cyanohydrin acetone (habka ACH): Tani waa mid ka mid ah hababka wax soo saarka warshadaha ee ugu horreeya, oo leh tignoolajiyada qaan-gaadhka ah iyo hawlgal sahlan.

Habka carbonylation Ethylene: Tani waa hab wax soo saar cusub oo leh waxtarka falcelinta sare iyo tayada alaabta.

Habka oxidation isobutene (Habka C4): Kani waa hab-socod wax-soo-saar ku salaysan fuuq-baxa oksaydhka ee butene, oo leh agab cayriin oo si fudud loo heli karo iyo kharash yar.

Iyadoo lagu salaynayo saddexdan hab-socod, waxa jira saddex hab-soo-saarka oo horumaray oo kala ah:

Habka ACH ee la hagaajiyay: Iyadoo la wanaajinayo xaaladaha falcelinta iyo qalabka, wax-soo-saarka iyo tayada badeecada ayaa la hagaajiyay.

Habka Aashitada barafka: Habkani waxa uu u isticmaalaa baraf acetic acid sida alaabta ceeriin, mana jiraan wax dareere ah oo ka yimaada saddex qashin inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid deegaanka u fiican.

Nidaamyada BASF iyo Lucite, oo inta badan lagu matalo magaca shirkadu, waxay soo mareen horumarin tignoolajiyadeed oo gaar ah oo ku salaysan sifooyinka ganacsigooda, oo leh faa'iidooyin gaar ah oo sarreeya.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, lixdan geeddi-socod wax-soo-saar ayaa dhammaantood ku guuleystey wax-soo-saarka unug leh miisaan 10000 tan ama ka badan Shiinaha.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tartanka ka dhexeeya hababka kala duwan aad ayuu u kala duwan yahay iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay arrimo ay ka mid yihiin sifooyinkooda iyo kharashkooda.Mustaqbalka, horumarinta tignoolajiyada iyo horumarinta suuqa, muuqaalka tartanka ee hababka wax soo saarka ayaa isbeddeli kara.

Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa muhiim ah in la xuso in Sebtembar 2022, unugga bandhigga warshadaha ee 10000 tan dhuxusha ku salaysan methanol acetic acid si methyl methacrylate (MMA) mashruuca si madax-bannaan u horumariyo by Institute of Engineering Engineering ee Akademiyada Sayniska Shiinaha si guul leh ayaa loo bilaabay oo u shaqeeyay si deggan, alaabtuna waxay ahaayeen ilaa heer.Qalabkani waa kii ugu horreeyay ee dunidu dhuxusha ku salaysan ee methanol acetic acid una gudubto MMA aaladda bandhiga warshadaha, gaarista beddelka wax soo saarka methacrylate methyl methacrylate ee gudaha ee ku tiirsanaanta kaliya ee alaabta ceeriin ee batroolka si loo isticmaalo alaabta ceeriin ee dhuxusha ku salaysan.

Sababtoo ah isbeddelka muuqaalka tartanka, saadka iyo baahida deegaanka ee alaabta MMA ayaa isbeddelay, iyo isbeddelka qiimaha ayaa muujinaya isbeddello cidhiidhi ah.Labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, qiimaha suuqa ugu sarreeya ee MMA ee Shiinaha wuxuu gaaray 14014 yuan/ton, qiimaha ugu hooseeyana waa 10000 yuan/ton.Laga bilaabo Agoosto 2023, qiimaha suuqa MMA wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay 11500 yuan/ton.Badeecada ugu muhiimsan ee wakiil ka ah waa PMMA, taas oo muujisay hoos u dhac daciif ah oo ku yimid qiimaha suuqyada labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, oo leh qiimaha ugu badan ee 17560 yuan/ton iyo qiimaha ugu yar ee 14625 yuan/ton.Laga bilaabo Agoosto 2023, qiimaha caadiga ah ee suuqa PMMA ee Shiinaha ayaa isbeddelay 14600 yuan/ton.Waa in la ogaadaa in ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in alaabta gudaha ee PMMA ay inta badan yihiin noocyada dhexe ilaa kuwa hooseeya, heerka qiimaha alaabtu wuu ka hooseeyaa midka suuqa la soo dhoofiyo.

1.Iyadoo aan la tixgalinayn unugga acetic acid MMA, habka wax-soo-saarka ethylene MMA wuxuu lahaa tartanka ugu xooggan labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay.

Labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, habka wax soo saarka ee ethylene ee ku salaysan MMA wuxuu leeyahay tartanka ugu xoogan suuqa Shiinaha.Marka loo eego tirakoobyada, qiimaha wax soo saarka ee ethylene ee ku saleysan MMA ayaa ah kan ugu hooseeya oo tartankiisu yahay kan ugu xoogga badan.Sannadka 2020, qiimaha aragtida ethylene ee ku salaysan MMA wuxuu ahaa 5530 yuan halkii ton, halka Janaayo Luulyo 2023, celceliska qiimaha uu ahaa 6088 yuan halkii ton.Taas bedelkeeda, habka BASF waxa uu leeyahay qiimaha ugu sarreeya ee wax soo saarka, iyadoo qiimaha MMA uu yahay 10765 yuan halkii ton sanadka 2020 iyo celceliska qiimaha 11081 yuan halkii ton laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Agoosto 2023.

Marka la qiimeeyo tartanka hababka wax soo saarka kala duwan, waxaan u baahannahay inaan fiiro gaar ah u yeelano kala duwanaanshaha isticmaalka cutubka alaabta ceeriin ee hababka kala duwan.Tusaale ahaan, isticmaalka alaabta ceeriin ee habka ethylene waa 0.35 ethylene, 0.84 methanol, iyo 0.38 gaaska synthesis, halka habka BASF uu asal ahaan yahay habka ethylene, laakiin isticmaalka ethylene waa 0.429, isticmaalka methanol waa 0.387, isticmaalka gaaska synthesis waa 0.387. 662 mitir kuyuubik.Kala duwanaanshahan ayaa saameeya kharashka wax soo saarka iyo tartanka hababka kala duwan.

Iyada oo ku saleysan qiyaasaha qiimaha dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, darajooyinka tartanka MMA ee hababka kala duwan waa: Habka ethylene> Habka C4>Habka ACH ee la hagaajiyay> Habka ACH> Habka Lucite> Habka BASF.Qiimayntan waxaa inta badan saameeya kala duwanaanshaha injineernimada dadweynaha ee hababka kala duwan.

Mustaqbalka, horumarinta tignoolajiyada iyo horumarinta suuqa, muuqaalka tartanka ee hababka kala duwan ayaa isbeddeli kara.Gaar ahaan iyada oo aan la tixgelin qalabka MMA acetic acid, ethylene MMA ayaa la filayaa inay sii wado inay sii wado faa'iidada tartanka.

2.Habka Aashitada Ashitada MMA waxaa la filayaa inuu noqdo habka wax soo saarka ugu tartanka badan

Machadka Nidaamka Injineernimada ee Akadeemiyada Sayniska ee Shiinaha ayaa si guul leh u horumariyay warshaddii mudaaharaad warshadeed ee methanol acetic acid MMA ee ugu horreysay adduunka.Warshadu waxay qaadataa methanol iyo acetic acid sida alaabta ceeriin, iyo iyada oo loo marayo hababka uumiga aldol, hydrogenation, iwm, waxay xaqiiqsadaan wax soo saarka xasilloon ee muddada dheer ee alaabta MMA.Habkani wuxuu leeyahay horumar muuqda, ma aha oo kaliya habka gaaban, laakiin sidoo kale alaabta ceeriin waxay ka timaadaa dhuxusha, taas oo leh faa'iido qiimo leh.Intaa waxaa dheer, Xinjiang Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd. ayaa qorsheynaya rakibaadda warshad ballaaran oo 110000 tan / sannadkii, taas oo sii kor u qaadi doonta cusboonaysiinta iyo horumarinta warshadaha MMA ee Shiinaha.Marka la barbar dhigo geeddi-socodyada wax-soo-saarka MMA ee batroolka dhaqameed, geeddi-socodka MMA acetic acid-ku-salaysan waa deegaan saaxiibtinimo badan iyo faa'iido dhaqaale, waxaana la filayaa inay noqoto jihada horumarineed ee muhiimka ah mustaqbalka warshadaha MMA.

3.Waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya saamaynta qiimaha miisaannada hababka kala duwan

Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo ku saabsan miisaanka saameynta qiimaha ee hababka wax soo saarka MMA ee kala duwan, iyo miisaanka saameynta arrimo kala duwan ee kharashyadu way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo ku xiran habka farsamada.

Marka loo eego ACH MMA, isbeddelada qiimaha acetone, methanol, iyo acrylonitrile ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh qiimaheeda.Waxaa ka mid ah, isbeddellada qiimaha acetone waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin kharashyada, iyagoo gaaraya 26%, halka isbeddelka qiimaha methanol iyo acrylonitrile ay saameeyaan 57% iyo 18% kharashyada, siday u kala horreeyaan.Taas bedelkeeda, qiimaha methanol wuxuu xisaabiyaa kaliya 7%.Sidaa darteed, daraasadda silsiladda qiimaha ee ACH MMA, fiiro gaar ah ayaa loo baahan yahay in la bixiyo isbeddelka qiimaha acetone.

Habka C4 ee MMA, isobutylene nadiif ah oo sarreeya ayaa ah qiimaha isbeddelka ugu weyn, oo xisaabinaya qiyaastii 58% qiimaha MMA.Methanol wuxuu xisaabiyaa qiyaastii 6% qiimaha MMA.Isbeddelka qiimaha isobutene ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh qiimaha C4 habka MMA.

Marka loo eego MMA-ga ku salaysan ethylene, isticmaalka unugga ethylene waxa uu ka dhigan yahay in ka badan 85% kharashka MMA ee habkan, kaas oo ah saamaynta qiimaha ugu weyn.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la ogaadaa in inta badan ethylene loo soo saaro qalab taageero ah oo iskiis ah, iyo dejinta gudaha inta badan waxay ku salaysan tahay dejinta qiimaha.Sidaa darteed, heerka tartanka aragtida ee ethylene waxaa laga yaabaa inuusan u sarreyn heerka tartanka dhabta ah.

Marka la soo koobo, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo ku saabsan miisaanka saameynta arrimo kala duwan oo ku saabsan kharashyada hababka wax soo saarka MMA ee kala duwan, iyo falanqaynta ayaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo iyadoo lagu saleynayo tignoolajiyada habraaca gaarka ah.

4.Nidaamkee wax soo saarka MMA ayaa yeelan doona kharashka ugu hooseeya mustaqbalka?

Marka la eego heerka farsamada ee hadda, heerka tartanka MMA ee hababka kala duwan ee mustaqbalka waxaa si weyn u saameyn doona isbedbedelka qiimaha alaabta ceeriin.Alaabta ceeriin ee loo isticmaalo dhowr hab oo wax soo saarka MMA ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah MTBE, methanol, acetone, sulfuric acid, iyo ethylene.Alaabooyinkan waa la iibsan karaa ama waa la keeni karaa gudaha, halka gaaska synthetic, kicinta iyo agabka caawinta, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen cayriin, iwm ay yihiin kuwo aan iskood isu keenin qiimuhuna isma bedelin.

Waxaa ka mid ah, qiimaha MTBE inta badan wuxuu la socdaa isbedbeddelka isbeddelka suuqa saliidda ee la safeeyey, iyo qiimaha saliidda la safeeyey wuxuu si dhow ula xiriiraa qiimaha saliidda cayriin.Marka la eego aragtida rajada leh ee qiimaha saliidda mustaqbalka, qiimaha MTBE ayaa sidoo kale la filayaa inay muujiyaan isbeddel sare, iyo isbeddelka la filayo ee kor u kaca ayaa ka xoog badan saliidda cayriin.Qiimaha methanol ee suuqa ayaa la socda isbeddelka qiimaha dhuxusha, waxaana la filayaa in saadka mustaqbalka uu si weyn u kordho.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarinta qaabka silsiladda warshaduhu waxay u horseedi doontaa korodhka heerarka is-isticmaalka ee hoose, iyo qiimaha methanol-ka badeecada ee suuqa ayaa la filayaa inuu sii socdo.

Bay'adda sahayda iyo baahida suuqa acetone ayaa sii xumaanaysa, waxaana caqabad ku ah dhismaha mashaariicda cusub ee la isticmaalayo habka ACH, waxaana laga yaabaa in isbeddelka qiimaha muddada dheer uu yara daciifo.Ethylene inta badan waxaa lagu bixiyaa gudaha waxayna leedahay tartan qiimo badan.

Sidaa darteed, iyada oo ku saleysan xaaladda tignoolajiyada ee hadda jirta iyo isbeddelka isbeddelka qiimaha alaabta ceeriin, weli waxaa jira hubaal la'aan ku saabsan habka wax soo saarka MMA uu yeelan doono kharashka ugu hooseeya mustaqbalka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la saadaalin karaa in marka la eego qiimaha saliidda mustaqbalka iyo qiimaha dhuxusha, qiimaha alaabta ceeriin sida methanol iyo MTBE ayaa sidoo kale la filayaa inay kor u kacaan, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelan karta heerka tartanka MMA ee hababka kala duwan.Si loo ilaaliyo tartanka, wax-soo-saarayaashu waxay u baahnaan karaan inay raadiyaan dhaqaale badan oo waxtar leh kanaalka sahayda alaabta ceeriin, iyadoo la xoojinayo hagaajinta iyo hal-abuurka hababka wax-soo-saarka si loo yareeyo kharashka wax-soo-saarka iyo hagaajinta tayada alaabta.

Soo koobid

Qiimaynta tartanka ee hababka kala duwan ee MMA ee Shiinaha mustaqbalka ayaa la filayaa inay sii wadaan inay ku sii xoojiyaan habka ethylene, oo ay ku xigto habka ACH ee taageeraya qaybta acrylonitrile, ka dibna habka C4.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la ogaadaa in mustaqbalka, ganacsiyadu ay ku horumarin doonaan qaabka silsiladda warshadaha, kaas oo noqon doona habka ugu tartanka badan ee hawlgalka iyada oo loo marayo alaabooyin qiimo jaban iyo taageerada hoose ee PMMA ama alaabada kale ee kiimikada.

Sababta loo filayo in habka ethylene uu sii ahaado mid xooggan ayaa sabab u ah helitaanka xooggan ee ethylene alaabta ceeriin, taas oo xisaabisa qayb aad u sarreeya oo ah kharashka wax soo saarka MMA.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la tilmaamaa in ethylene inteeda badan lagu bixiyo gudaha, iyo heerka tartanka aragtida laga yaabo inuusan u sarreyn heerka tartanka dhabta ah.

Habka ACH wuxuu leeyahay tartan adag marka lagu daro unug acrylonitrile ah, badiyaa sababtoo ah isobutylene nadiif ah oo sarreeya sida alaabta ceeriin ee ugu muhiimsan ayaa xisaabisa qayb weyn oo ah kharashyada MMA, halka habka ACH uu soo saari karo isobutylene nadiif ah oo saafi ah, taas oo hoos u dhigeysa kharashka. .

Loolanka hababka sida habka C4 waa mid daciif ah, badi ahaan sababtoo ah isbedbedelka qiimaha weyn ee alaabta ceeriin ee isobutane iyo acrylonitrile, iyo saamiga yar ee isobutane ee kharashka wax soo saarka MMA.

Guud ahaan, qaabka ugu tartanka badan ee silsiladda warshadaha MMA mustaqbalka waxay noqon doontaa ganacsiyada si ay ugu horumariyaan qaabka silsiladda warshadaha, iyada oo loo marayo alaabooyin qiimo jaban iyo taageerada hoose ee PMMA ama alaabada kale ee kiimikada.Tani kaliya ma yarayn karto kharashka wax soo saarka iyo hagaajinta tartanka badeecada, laakiin sidoo kale waxay si fiican u daboolaysaa baahida suuqa.