Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, geeddi-socodka tignoolajiyada ee warshadaha kiimikada ee Shiinaha ayaa sameeyay horumar la taaban karo, taas oo horseeday kala duwanaanshaha hababka wax soo saarka kiimikada iyo kala soocidda tartanka suuqa kiimikada.Maqaalkani wuxuu inta badan ku dhex jiraa hababka wax soo saarka ee kala duwan ee epoxy propane.

Marka loo eego baaritaanka, si adag loo hadlo, waxaa jira seddex hab oo wax soo saar oo loogu talagalay epoxy propane, kuwaas oo ah habka chlorohydrin, habka oxidation (Halcon method), iyo habka oksaydhka tooska ah ee hydrogen peroxide (HPPO).Waqtigan xaadirka ah, habka chlorohydrin iyo habka HPPO ayaa ah hababka caadiga ah ee soo saarista epoxy propane.

Habka Chlorohydrin waa hab lagu soo saaro epoxy propane iyadoo la isticmaalayo propylene iyo gaaska chlorine sida alaabta ceeriin iyada oo loo marayo hababka sida chlorohydrination, saponification, iyo distillation.Habkani waxa uu leeyahay wax-soo-saar sare oo ah epoxy propane, laakiin waxa kale oo uu soo saaraa xaddi badan oo biyaha wasakh ah iyo gaasta qiiqa, taas oo saameyn weyn ku leh deegaanka.

Habka co oxidation waa hab lagu soo saaro propylene oxide iyadoo la isticmaalayo propylene, ethylbenzene, iyo oksijiinta sida alaabta ceeriin.Marka hore, ethylbenzene waxay la falgashaa hawo si ay u soo saarto ethylbenzene peroxide.Kadibna, ethylbenzene peroxide waxay maraysaa falcelin wareeg ah oo leh propylene si ay u soo saarto epoxy propane iyo phenylethanol.Habkani waxa uu leeyahay habsocod falcelineed oo aad u adag waxana uu soo saaraa alaabo badan, sidaa awgeed, waxa uu sidoo kale la kulmaa saamayn taban oo deegaanka ah.

Habka HPPO waa habka lagu daro methanol, propylene, iyo hydrogen peroxide ee saamiga tirada guud ee 4.2: 1.3: 1 reactor ka kooban zeolite titanium silicate catalyst (TS-1) falcelinta.Habkani wuxuu bedeli karaa 98% hydrogen peroxide, iyo xulashada epoxy propane waxay gaari kartaa 95%.Qadar yar oo ah propylene qayb ahaan la fal celiyay ayaa dib loogu warshadayn karaa reactor si dib loogu isticmaalo.

Tan ugu muhiimsan, propane epoxy-ka ee ay soo saartay habkani hadda waa badeecada kaliya ee loo oggol yahay dhoofinta Shiinaha.

Waxaan xisaabineynaa isbeddelka qiimaha laga bilaabo 2009 ilaa bartamaha 2023 waxaanan ilaalinaa isbeddelada wax soo saarka epichlorohydrin iyo hababka HPPO 14kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.

Habka Epichlorohydrin

1.Habka epichlorohydrin waa mid faa'iido leh inta badan.14kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, faa'iidada wax soo saarka ee Epichlorohydrin ee habka chlorohydrin ayaa gaartay meeshii ugu sareysay 8358 yuan/ton, taasoo dhacday 2021. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 2019, waxaa jiray khasaaro yar oo ah 55 yuan/ton.

2.Isbeddelka faa'iidada ee habka epichlorohydrin wuxuu la socdaa isbeddelka qiimaha epichlorohydrin.Marka qiimaha epoxy propane uu kordho, faa'iidada wax soo saarka ee habka epichlorohydrin ayaa sidoo kale kordhisa si waafaqsan.Joogteyntani waxay ka tarjumaysaa saamaynta guud ee isbeddelada saadka suuqa iyo baahida iyo qiimaha badeecada ee qiimaha labada badeecadood.Tusaale ahaan, sanadka 2021, masiibada awgeed, isticmaalka xumbada jilicsan ee polyether-ka ayaa si aad ah u kordhay, taas oo iyaduna kor u qaadday qiimaha epoxy propane, ugu dambeyntiina abuuraysa taariikh sare oo heer sare ah faa'iidada wax soo saarka epichlorohydrin.

3.Isbeddellada qiimaha propylene iyo propylene oxide waxay muujinayaan joogteynta isbeddelka muddada-dheer, laakiin inta badan, waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya baaxadda isbedbeddelka u dhexeeya labada.Tani waxay muujinaysaa in qiimaha propylene iyo epichlorohydrin ay saameeyaan arrimo kala duwan, iyadoo qiimaha propylene uu si gaar ah saameyn weyn ugu leeyahay wax soo saarka epichlorohydrin.Sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in propylene ay tahay sheyga ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka epichlorohydrin, isbedbedelkeeda qiimaha ayaa saameyn weyn ku yeelan doona qiimaha wax soo saarka ee wax soo saarka epichlorohydrin.

Guud ahaan, faa'iidada wax soo saarka ee Epichlorohydrin ee Shiinaha waxay ku jirtay xaalad faa'iido leh inta badan 14kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, iyo isbedbedelka faa'iidada ay la socoto isbedbedelka qiimaha epichlorohydrin.Qiimaha propylene waa qodob muhiim ah oo saameeya faa'iidada wax soo saarka ee epichlorohydrin ee Shiinaha.

Habka HPPO epoxy propane

1.Habka HPPO ee Shiinaha ee epoxypropane wuxuu ahaa mid faa'iido leh inta badan wakhtiga, laakiin faa'iidada ay guud ahaan way ka hooseysa marka loo eego habka chlorohydrin.Muddo aad u gaaban gudaheed, habka HPPO waxa uu la kulmay khasaare xagga epoxy propane, iyo inta badan, heerka faa'iidada uu aad uga hooseeyo habka chlorohydrin.

2.Sababo la xiriira kororka weyn ee qiimaha epoxy propane sanadka 2021, faa'iidada HPPO epoxy propane waxay gaartay heer sare oo taariikhi ah 2021, taasoo gaartay ugu badnaan 6611 yuan/ton.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa weli jira farqi ku dhow 2000 yuan/ton oo u dhexeeya heerkan faa'iidada iyo habka chlorohydrin.Tani waxay muujinaysaa in inkastoo habka HPPO uu leeyahay faa'iidooyin dhinacyo gaar ah, habka chlorohydrin ayaa weli leh faa'iidooyin la taaban karo marka la eego faa'iidada guud.

3.Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo la xisaabinayo faa'iidada habka HPPO iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiimaha 50% hydrogen peroxide, waxaa la ogaaday in aysan jirin xiriir la taaban karo oo u dhexeeya qiimaha hydrogen peroxide iyo isbeddelka qiimaha propylene iyo propylene oxide.Tani waxay muujinaysaa in faa'iidada habka Shiinaha ee HPPO ee epoxypropane ay xaddiday qiimaha propylene iyo feejignaanta sare ee hydrogen peroxide.Xidhiidhka dhow ee ka dhexeeya isbedbedelka qiimaha alaabtan ceeriin iyo badeecadaha dhexdhexaadka ah iyo arrimo ay ka mid yihiin sahayda suuqa iyo baahida iyo kharashaadka wax soo saarka, waxay saamayn wayn ku yeelatay faa'iidada wax soo saarka epoxy propane iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka HPPO.

Isbeddelka faa'iidada wax-soo-saarka ee habka epoxy propane ee Shiinaha ee HPPO 14kii sano ee la soo dhaafay ayaa muujisay sifo faa'iido leh inta badan laakiin leh heer hoose oo faa'iido doon ah.Inkastoo ay leedahay faa'iidooyin dhinacyo gaar ah, guud ahaan, faa'iidada ay weli u baahan tahay in la hagaajiyo.Isla mar ahaantaana, faa'iidada habka HPPO epoxy propane waxaa si weyn u saameeya isbeddelka qiimaha alaabta ceeriin iyo alaabta dhexdhexaadka ah, gaar ahaan propylene iyo feejignaanta sare ee hydrogen peroxide.Sidaa darteed, wax-soo-saarayaashu waxay u baahan yihiin inay si dhow ula socdaan isbeddellada suuqa oo ay hagaajiyaan xeeladaha wax-soo-saarka si macquul ah si loo gaaro heerka ugu wanaagsan ee faa'iidada.

Saamaynta alaabta ceeriin ee ugu muhiimsan ay ku leeyihiin kharashkooda hoos yimaada laba hab oo wax soo saar ah

1.Inkasta oo isbedbedelka faa'iidada ee habka epichlorohydrin iyo habka HPPO ay muujinayaan joogteynta, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo ku saabsan saameynta alaabta ceeriin ee faa'iidadooda.Farqigani waxa uu muujinayaa in ay jiraan kala duwanaansho ku saabsan maaraynta kharashka iyo awoodaha xakamaynta faa'iidada u dhexeeya labadan hab-soo-saarka marka la macaamilayo isbeddelka qiimaha alaabta ceeriin.

2.Habka chlorohydrin, saamiga propylene ilaa qiimihiisu wuxuu gaaraa celcelis ahaan 67%, oo ka dhigan in ka badan kala badh wakhtiga, oo gaadhay ugu badnaan 72%.Tani waxay muujinaysaa in habka wax soo saarka ee chlorohydrin, qiimaha propylene uu leeyahay saamaynta ugu weyn ee miisaanka.Sidaa darteed, isbedbedelka qiimaha propylene wuxuu saameyn toos ah ku leeyahay qiimaha iyo faa'iidada soosaarka epichlorohydrin ee habka chlorohydrin.U fiirsashadani waxay la socotaa isbeddelka muddada dheer ee faa'iidada iyo isbeddelka qiimaha propylene ee soo saarista epichlorohydrin ee habka chlorohydrin ee hore loo sheegay.

Taas bedelkeeda, habka HPPO, celceliska saameynta propylene ee qiimaheeda waa 61%, iyadoo qaar ay leeyihiin saameynta ugu sareysa 68% iyo kan ugu hooseeya 55%.Tani waxay muujinaysaa in habka wax-soo-saarka HPPO, in kasta oo miisaanka saameynta kharashka ee propylene uu weyn yahay, ma aha mid xooggan sida saameynta habka chlorohydrin ee kharashka.Tan waxa laga yaabaa inay sabab u tahay saamaynta weyn ee alaabta kale ee cayriin sida hydrogen peroxide ee loo isticmaalo habka wax soo saarka HPPO ee kharashaadka, taas oo hoos u dhigaysa saamaynta isbedbedelka qiimaha propylene ee kharashyada.

3.Haddii qiimaha propylene uu isbedbedelo 10%, saameynta kharashka ee habka chlorohydrin ayaa ka badnaan doona habka HPPO.Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in marka ay la kulmaan isbedbedelka qiimaha propylene, qiimaha habka chlorohydrin uu aad u saameeyay, iyo marka la eego, habka HPPO wuxuu leeyahay maarayn kharash oo wanaagsan iyo awoodaha xakamaynta faa'iidada.U fiirsashadani waxay mar kale muujinaysaa kala duwanaanshaha ka jawaabida isbedbeddelka qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee hababka wax soo saarka ee kala duwan.

Waxaa jira is-bedbeddelka faa'iidada u dhexeeya habka chlorohydrin ee Shiinaha iyo habka HPPO ee epoxy propane, laakiin waxaa jira kala duwanaansho saameynta alaabta ceeriin ee faa'iidadooda.Markaad wax ka qabato isbedbedelka qiimaha alaabta ceeriin, labada hab-soo-saarku waxay muujinayaan maaraynta kharashyada kala duwan iyo awoodaha xakamaynta faa'iidada.Waxaa ka mid ah, habka chlorohydrin wuxuu aad ugu nugul yahay isbeddelka qiimaha propylene, halka habka HPPO uu leeyahay iska caabin khatar ah oo wanaagsan.Sharciyadani waxay leeyihiin muhiimad hagitaan oo muhiim u ah ganacsiyada si ay u doortaan hababka wax soo saarka iyo dejinta xeeladaha wax soo saarka.

Saamaynta agabka kaalmeeya iyo alaabta ceeriin ee kharashkooda hoos yimaada laba hab oo wax soo saar ah

1.Saamaynta koloriin dareeraha ah ee kharashka wax-soo-saarka epichlorohydrin ee habka chlorohydrin ayaa celcelis ahaan 8% kaliya ka ahaa 14-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, waxaana xitaa loo qaadan karaa in aysan lahayn wax saameyn toos ah oo kharash ah.U fiirsashadani waxay muujinaysaa in koloriin dareeraha ahi ay door yar ka ciyaarto habka wax soo saarka chlorohydrin, iyo isbedbedelkeeda qiimuhu waxa uu saamayn yar ku leeyahay qiimaha epichlorohydrin ee ay soo saarto chlorohydrin.

2.Saamaynta qiimaha sare ee hydrogen peroxide ee habka HPPO ee epoxy propane aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa kan gaaska chlorine ee saameynta kharashka habka chlorohydrin.Hydrogen peroxide waa oksaydhiyaha muhiimka ah ee habka wax soo saarka HPPO, iyo isbedbedelka qiimihiisa ayaa saameyn toos ah ku leh qiimaha epoxy propane ee geeddi-socodka HPPO, oo ka xiga propylene.U fiirsashadani waxay muujineysaa booska muhiimka ah ee hydrogen peroxide ee habka wax soo saarka HPPO.

3.Haddii shirkaddu ay soo saarto gaaska koloriin ka samaysan ee ay iyadu leedahay, saamaynta kharashka gaaska koloriinku ku leeyahay soosaarka epichlorohydrin waa la iska indho tiri karaa.Tan waxa laga yaabaa inay sabab u tahay qadar yar oo ah gaaska koloriin ka soo baxa, kaas oo saamayn kooban ku leh kharashka wax soo saarka epichlorohydrin ee la isticmaalayo chlorohydrin.

4.Haddii fiirsashada 75% ee hydrogen peroxide la isticmaalo, saameynta kharashka hydrogen peroxide ee habka HPPO ee epoxy propane waxay dhaafi doontaa 30%, saameynta kharashkuna waxay sii wadi doontaa inay si degdeg ah u korodho.U fiirsashadani waxay muujinaysaa in propane epoxy-ka ee uu soo saaro habka HPPO uusan saameyn ku yeelan oo kaliya isbedbedelka muhiimka ah ee alaabta ceeriin ee propylene, laakiin sidoo kale isbeddel weyn oo ku yimaada qiimaha hydrogen peroxide.Sababtoo ah kororka xoogga hydrogen peroxide ee loo isticmaalo habka wax soo saarka HPPO ilaa 75%, qadarka iyo kharashka hydrogen peroxide ayaa sidoo kale kor u kaca si waafaqsan.Waxaa jira arrimo badan oo saameyn ku leh suuqa, iyo isbedbedelka faa'iidadiisa ayaa sidoo kale kordhin doonta, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelan doonta qiimaha suuqa.

Waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya saameynta qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee kaalmeysa ee hababka wax soo saarka ee epichlorohydrin iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka chlorohydrin iyo habka HPPO.Saamaynta koloriin dareeraha ah ee kharashka epichlorohydrin ee ay soo saarto habka chlorohydrin waa mid aad u yar, halka saamaynta hydrogen peroxide ee kharashka epichlorohydrin ee uu soo saaro habka HPPO ay aad muhiim u tahay.Isla mar ahaantaana, haddii shirkad ay soo saarto gaaska chlorine-ka-soo-saarka ah ama ay isticmaasho xaddi kala duwan oo ah hydrogen peroxide, saameynteedu sidoo kale way kala duwanaan doontaa.Sharciyadani waxay leeyihiin muhiimad hagitaan oo muhiim u ah ganacsiyada si ay u doortaan hababka wax soo saarka, dejinta xeeladaha wax soo saarka, oo ay fuliyaan xakamaynta kharashka.

Iyada oo ku saleysan xogta hadda iyo isbeddellada, mashaariicda socda ee epoxy propane mustaqbalka waxay dhaafi doonaan miisaanka hadda jira, iyada oo inta badan mashaariicda cusubi ay qaadanayaan habka HPPO iyo habka ethylbenzene co oxidation.Dhacdadani waxay horseedi doontaa korodhka baahida alaabta ceeriin sida propylene iyo hydrogen peroxide, taas oo saameyn weyn ku yeelan doonta qiimaha epoxy propane iyo guud ahaan kharashka warshadaha.

Marka loo eego dhinaca kharashka, shirkadaha leh qaabka silsiladda warshadaha ee isku dhafan waxay si fiican u xakameyn karaan saameynta miisaanka alaabta ceeriin, si ay u yareeyaan kharashaadka iyo hagaajinta tartanka suuqa.Sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in inta badan mashaariicda cusub ee epoxy propane mustaqbalka ay qaadan doonaan habka HPPO, baahida loo qabo hydrogen peroxide ayaa sidoo kale kordhin doonta, taas oo kordhin doonta miisaanka saameynta isbeddelka qiimaha hydrogen peroxide ee qiimaha epoxy propane.

Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay isticmaalka habka ethylbenzene co oxidation ee mashaariicda cusub ee epoxy propane mustaqbalka, baahida loo qabo propylene ayaa sidoo kale kordhin doonta.Sidaa darteed, miisaanka saameynta isbeddelka qiimaha propylene ee qiimaha epoxy propane ayaa sidoo kale kordhin doona.Arrimahani waxay caqabado iyo fursado badan u keeni doonaan warshadaha epoxy propane.

Guud ahaan, horumarinta warshadaha epoxy propane mustaqbalka waxaa saameyn doona mashaariicda socda iyo alaabta ceeriin.Shirkadaha qaadanaya HPPO iyo ethylbenzene co oxidation hababka, waxaa loo baahan yahay in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho xakamaynta qiimaha iyo horumarinta silsiladda warshadaha.Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha alaabta ceeriin, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xoojiyo xasiloonida sahayda alaabta ceeriin iyo kharashka xakamaynta si loo hagaajiyo tartanka suuqa.