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Magaca Alaabta:Benzene
Qaab molecular:C6H6
CAS Maya:71-43-2
Qaab-dhismeedka molecular ee alaabta:
Benzene waa dareere cad, kacsan, aan midab lahayn, aad u ololaya oo leh ur lagu farxo. Waa hydrocarbon caraf udgoon oo karkarin kara 80.1 DC. Benzene waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida dareere meelo badan oo warshado ah, sida caag iyo kabo soo saarista, iyo soo saarista walxaha kale ee muhiimka ah, sida styrene, phenol, iyo cyclohexane. Waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay samaynta saabuunta, sunta cayayaanka, dareerayaasha, iyo kuwa rinjiga ka saara. Waxay ku jirtaa shidaalka sida shidaalka ilaa heerka 5%.
dareere biyood jaale ah oo cad, aan midab lahayn oo leh caraf udgoon, musty, phenolics ama ur u eg baasiin. Markay tahay 40 °C, qiyaasta urta urta ee 190 μg/L ee hawada waxaa go'aamiyay Young et al. (1996). Xaddiga urta ee 4.68 ppmv waxaa go'aamiyay Leonardos et al. (1969). Qiyaasta xad-dhaafka urta ogaanshaha ee 108 mg/m3 (34 ppmv) waxaa soo sheegay Punter (1983). Celcelis ahaan heerka ugu yar ee la ogaan karo urta biyaha ee 60 °C iyo hawada 40 °C waxay ahaayeen 0.072 iyo 0.5 mg/L, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Benzene ayaa sidoo kale loo beddelaa cyclohexane, taas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro naylon iyo fiilooyinka synthetic.
Benzene waxay ku dhacdaa alaabada dhuxusha iyo daamurka dhuxusha iyo alaabta batroolka sida shidaalka. Waxa kale oo laga helaa gaaska iyo leachates ee qashin-qubka qashinka warshadaha, burburka dhismaha, iyo qashinka dhul-qabashada (Oak Ridge Laboratory National 1989). Raad cadad ah benzene, toluene, xylenes, iyo organics kale oo kacsan ayaa laga helay carrada iyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa oo u dhow meelo badan oo nadaafadeed (US EPA 1989a,b). Kramer(1989) waxa uu qiimeeyay heerka gaadhista benzene inta lagu guda jiro saarista, nadiifinta, bamgaraynta, iyo tijaabinta haamaha shidaalka ee dhulka hoostiisa. Celcelis ahaan soo-gaadhista bini'aadamku waxay ahaayeen 0.43-3.84 ppm (1.5-6 saacadood) iyo soo-gaadhista ugu sarreysa ee muddada gaaban (15-daqiiqo) waxay ahayd 9.14 ppm. Benzene sidoo kale waxay ku dhacdaa tubaakada (Hoffmann et al. 1989); sidaas awgeed khatarta soo-gaadhistiisu waxay kor u qaadi kartaa qiiqa neefsashada.
Benzene waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii dareere loogu talagalay shamacyada, resinka, iyo saliidaha; sida rinjiga saarista; sida diluent for lacquers; samaynta dheeha,daawoyinka, varnishes, iyo linoleum;iyo sida walxo ceeriin ah si loo soo saaro tiro ka mid ah xeryahooda organic.
Chemwin waxay siin kartaa noocyo badan oo kaarboon-karboon ah iyo dareerayaasha kiimikaad ee macaamiisha warshadaha.Intaa ka hor, fadlan akhri macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee soo socda ee ku saabsan ganacsiga nala samee:
1. Amniga
Badbaadadu waa mudnaantayada koowaad. Marka laga soo tago siinta macaamiisha macluumaadka ku saabsan isticmaalka badbaadada iyo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo leh ee alaabtayada, waxaan sidoo kale go'aansanay inaan hubinno in khataraha badbaadada shaqaalaha iyo qandaraaslayaasha la dhimay ilaa ugu yaraan macquul ah oo macquul ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaan uga baahannahay macmiilka inuu hubiyo in heerarka badbaadada dejinta iyo kaydinta ku habboon ay buuxiyeen ka hor inta aan la keenin (fadlan tixraac lifaaqa HSSE ee shuruudaha iyo shuruudaha iibka ee hoose). Khubaradayada HSSE waxay ku siin karaan hagitaan heerarkan.
2. Habka gaarsiinta
Macaamiisha waxay ka dalban karaan oo ka keeni karaan alaabta chemwin, ama waxay ka heli karaan alaabta warshadeena wax soo saarka. Noocyada gaadiidka ee la heli karo waxaa ka mid ah baabuurta xamuulka qaada, tareenada ama gaadiidka casriga ah (xaalad gooni ah ayaa jira).
Marka laga hadlayo shuruudaha macmiilka, waxaan qeexi karnaa shuruudaha maraakiibta ama booyadaha waxaanan adeegsan karnaa heerarka badbaadada / dib u eegista iyo shuruudaha.
3. Tirada dalabka ugu yar
Haddii aad alaab ka soo iibsato mareegahayaga, tirada dalbashada ugu yar waa 30 tan.
4.Bixinta
Habka lacag bixinta caadiga ah ayaa si toos ah looga jarayaa 30 maalmood gudahooda laga bilaabo qaansheegta.
5. Dukumentiga keenista
Dukumeentiyada soo socda ayaa la keenay keenista kasta:
Bill of Lading, CMR Waybill ama dukumeenti gaadiid oo kale oo khuseeya
Shahaadada Falanqaynta ama waafaqsanaanta (haddii loo baahdo)
Dukumeenti la xidhiidha HSSE oo waafaqsan xeerarka
Dukumeenti kastamka oo waafaqsan xeerarka (haddii loo baahdo)