Waa maxay Habka Cumene?
Habka Cumene waa mid ka mid ah hababka ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka warshadaha eephenol(C₆H₅OH). Habkani waxa uu cumene u isticmaalaa walxo cayriin ah si uu u dhaliyo phenol iyada oo loo marayo hydroxylation iyada oo loo marayo xaalado gaar ah. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay tignoolajiyadeeda qaan-gaadhka ah, qiimaha jaban, iyo tayada badeecada sare, habka cumene ee wax-soo-saarka phenol ayaa si ballaaran loogu dabaqay warshadaha kiimikada.
Maqaalkani wuxuu si faahfaahsan u falanqeyn doonaa mabda'a iyo tillaabooyinka wax soo saarka phenol ee habka cumene, isagoo ka caawinaya akhristayaasha inay si buuxda u fahmaan tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka kiimikada ee muhiimka ah.
Mabda'a Falcelinta ee Habka Cumene
Dareen-celinta xudunta u ah wax-soo-saarka phenol ee habka cumene waa hydroxylation of cumene. Mabda'a aasaasiga ah ayaa ah in kooxda methyl ee ku jirta molecule cumene ay bedelaan koox hydroxyl ah oo hoos timaada xaaladaha acidic si ay u sameeyaan phenol.
Gaar ahaan, cumene (C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂) waxay la falgashaa sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) hoosteeda kulaylka si ay u soo saarto p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₅C(OH)H(CH₅)₂) iyo qadar yar oo ah walxo sulfate ah. Ka dib, p-isopropylphenol waxaa loo beddelaa phenol (C₆H₅OH) iyada oo loo marayo fal-celin hydrolysis ah. Isla'egyada kiimikaad ee falcelintu waa sida soo socota:
C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Waxaa laga arki karaa falcelinta kor ku xusan in furaha geeddi-socodka cumene uu ku jiro fal-celinta hydroxylation ee xaaladaha acidic iyo falcelinta hydrolysis ee xiga. Sulfuric acid wuxuu ka ciyaaraa door muhiim ah sida kicinta inta lagu jiro habka.
Tallaabooyinka Habka Cumene
Socodka gaarka ah ee soosaarka phenol ee habka cumene waxaa loo qaybin karaa tillaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda:
1. Diyaarinta iyo Samaynta Qalabka Ceyriinka
Talaabada ugu horeysa ee wax soo saarka phenol ee habka cumene waa diyaarinta iyo samaynta alaabta ceeriin. Cumene, oo ah sheyga asaasiga ah ee habkan, wuxuu u baahan yahay in marka hore lagu nadiifiyo nadiifinta si loo hubiyo in nadiifnimadeeda ay gaarto in ka badan 99%. Sulfuric acid oo la ururiyey (sida caadiga ah oo leh 98%) ayaa loo isticmaalaa kicin ahaan, iyada oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraysa falcelinta. Si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka falcelinta, qadar yar oo biyo ah ayaa lagu daraa cumene si kor loogu qaado kala firdhinta sulfuric acid iyo horumarka falcelinta.
2. Falcelinta Hydroxylation
Marxaladda falcelinta hydroxylation-ka, cumene iyo asiidh sulfuric ah oo la ururiyey ayaa lagu qasaa reactor waxaana lagu kululeeyaa 100-130°C. Xaaladaha acidic, kooxda methyl ee ku jirta molecule cumene waxay maraan hydroxylation si ay u sameeyaan p-isopropylphenol iyo sulfate by-products. Dareen-celintani waa fal-celin exothermic ah, iyo heerkulka falcelinta iyo xawaaraha kicinta ayaa loo baahan yahay in la xakameeyo si loo hubiyo isku midnimada iyo xasilloonida falcelinta.
3. Falcelinta Hydrolysis
Ka dib marka falcelinta hydroxylation-ka la dhammeeyo, alaabtu waxay u baahan tahay in la marsiiyo falcelinta hydrolysis, kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay in p-isopropylphenol loo beddelo phenol. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, xaddi badan oo biyo ah ayaa lagu daraa isku dhafka falcelinta, si p-isopropylphenol ay u marto falcelinta hydrolysis biyo si ay u dhaliso gaaska phenol iyo methane.
4. Dhexdhexaadin iyo kala fogaansho
Ka dib marka la dhammeeyo falcelinta hydrolysis, qadar badan oo ah sulfuric acid iyo sulfate by-products ayaa ku jira nidaamka. Si loo baabi'iyo walxahan acidic ah, walxaha alkaline (sida sodium hydroxide ama calcium hydroxide) ayaa lagu daraa falcelinta dhexdhexaadinta, abuurista sulfates milmay iyo biyo. Ka dib, phenol waa laga soocaa alaabooyinka iyada oo loo marayo kala-soocidda stratification ama tignoolajiyada distillation.
5. Sifaynta iyo Nadiifinta
Wasakhda ku jirta phenol ceyriin waxaa lagu soo saaraa hababka nadiifinta sida nadiifinta si loo helo alaabada phenol ee nadiifka ah. Inta lagu jiro habka sifaynta, xaaladaha falcelintu waxay sidoo kale u baahan yihiin in si adag loo xakameeyo si loo hubiyo in tayada iyo nadiifnimada phenol ay la kulmaan heerarka warshadaha.
Faa'iidooyinka iyo Codsiyada Habka Cumene
Habka cumene ee wax soo saarka phenol wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka soo socda ee muhiimka ah:
Xaaladaha falcelinta khafiifka ah:Marka la barbar dhigo hababka wax soo saarka phenol ee soo jireenka ah, geeddi-socodka cumene waxa uu leeyahay xaalado falcelin fudud iyo hab-soo-saar ammaan ah.
Ilaha alaabta ceeriin ee badan:Cumene waxaa laga heli karaa alaabada sifaynta, taasoo keenta kharashyo yaryar oo alaabta ceeriin ah.
Nadiifinta badeecada sare:Iyadoo loo marayo xakamaynta habka saxda ah, nadiifinta iyo tayada phenol waxay gaari kartaa heer sare.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, phenol ee ay soo saarto habka cumene ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa soo saarista alaabada kiimikaad ee kala duwan sida resins phenolic, resins epoxy, iyo naylon, oo leh baahi suuqa oo joogto ah.
Soo koobid
Habka cumene ee wax-soo-saarka phenol waa hab wax-soo-saar hufan oo dhaqaale leh, iyada oo udub-dhexaadkiisu yahay hydroxylation of cumene iyo fal-celinta biyo-soo-saarka ee xiga. Tallaabooyinka sida diyaarinta alaabta ceeriin, falcelinta hydroxylation, falcelinta hydrolysis, daaweynta dhexdhexaadinta, iyo sifaynta iyo nadiifinta, alaabada phenol-nadiifinta sare leh ayaa ugu dambeyntii la heli karaa.
Iyada oo kobaca joogtada ah ee baahida caalamiga ah ee alaabta kiimikada, tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka phenol ee habka cumene ayaa sii wadi doona in la hagaajiyo, iyada oo siinaya taageero muhiim ah horumarinta warshadaha la xidhiidha.
Waqtiga boostada: Jun-23-2025
