Magaca Alaabta: kalsiyum carbide
Qaab molecular:C2Ca
CAS Maya:75-20-7
Qaab-dhismeedka molecular ee alaabta:
Kaalshiyam carbide (Qaabka molecule: CaC2), waa nooc ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin kiimikaad oo muhiim ah oo laga soo saaro farsamaynta kiimikada ee dhagaxa nuuradda. Sanadkii 1892, H. Maysan (Faransiiska) iyo H. Wilson (United State) waxay isku mar sameeyeen habka wax soo saarka kaarbiid ee kaalshiyamka oo ku salaysan Yaraynta foornada. Maraykanku wuxuu si guul leh u gaadhay wax soo saarka warshadaha 1895. Hantida kaalshiyamka carbide waxay la xidhiidhaa nadiifnimadeeda. Wax soo saarkeeda warshaduhu waa inta badan isku dhafka calcium carbide iyo calcium oxide, waxaana sidoo kale ku jira xaddi badan oo baaruud, fosfooraska, nitrogen iyo wasakh kale. Iyada oo ay sii kordhayso maadooyinka wasakhda ah, midabkeedu wuxuu muujinayaa cawl, bunni ilaa madow. Barta dhalaalka iyo korantada korantada labaduba waxay hoos u dhacaan hoos u dhaca nadiifinta. Nadiifinta wax soo saarkeeda warshaduhu badanaa waa 80% iyadoo mp ay tahay 1800 ~ 2000 ° C. Heerkulka qolka, kuma falceliso hawada, laakiin waxay yeelan kartaa falcelinta oksaydhka ee ka sarreeya 350 ℃, waxayna yeelan kartaa falcelin leh nitrogen at 600 ~ 700 ℃ si ay u dhaliso cyanamide calcium. Kaalshiyam carbide, marka uu la kulmo biyo ama uumi, waxay soo saartaa acetylene waxayna sii daysaa xaddi badan oo kuleyl ah. CaC2 + 2H2O─ → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2 + 125185.32J, 1kg oo kaarbiid calcium saafi ah ayaa soo saari kara 366 L of acetylene 366l (15 ℃, 0.1MPa). Sidaas darteed, kaydinteeda: Kaalshiyam carbide waa in si adag looga fogeeyo biyaha. Inta badan waxa lagu xidhaa weel bir ah oo xidhan, mararka qaarkoodna waxa lagu kaydiyaa bakhaar qallalan oo lagu shubo nitrogen haddii loo baahdo.
Calcium carbide (CaC2) waxay leedahay ur u eg toon waxayna ku falcelisaa biyaha si ay u sameeyaan gaaska acetylene iyo calcium hydroxide iyo kulayl. Waagii hore, waxaa loo isticmaali jiray nalalka macdanta si ay si joogto ah u soo saaraan olol yar oo acetylene ah si ay u iftiimiso miinooyinka dhuxusha.
Kaalshiyam carbide waxa loo istcimaalaa saafiyeye ahaan, fuuq-baxa birta, shidaalka samaynta birta, deoxidizer awood leh iyo isha gaaska acetylene. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii qalab bilow ah oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta calcium cyanamide, ethylene, caag chloroprene, acetic acid, dicyandiamide iyo cyanide acetate. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa nalalka carbide, cannons-ka ay ku ciyaaraan sida kan weyn-bang cannon iyo bamboo cannon. Waxay la xiriirtaa kaalshiyam fosfide oo loo isticmaalo sabbaynaysa, is-shidda calaamadaha ciidamada baddaCalcium carbide waa carbide ugu khuseysa warshadaha sababtoo ah doorkeeda muhiimka ah sida saldhigga warshadaha acetylene. Goobaha ay ka jirto shidaal yari. Calcium Carbidewaxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii alaabta bilawga ah ee soo saarista acetylene (1 kg ee carbide waxay soo saartaa ~ 300 litir acetylene), taas oo, iyaduna, loo isticmaali karo sidii dhismo loogu talagalay noocyo kala duwan oo kiimikooyin dabiici ah (tusaale vinyl acetate, acetaldehyde iyo acetic acid). ). Meelaha qaarkood, acetylene ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro chloride vinyl, alaabta ceeriin ee wax soo saarka PVC.
Isticmaal yar oo muhiim ah Calcium Carbide waxay la xiriirtaa warshadaha bacrimiyeyaasha. Waxay la falgashaa nitrogen si ay u sameyso kalsiyum cyanamide, taas oo ah alaabta bilawga ah ee soo saarista cyanamide (CH2N2). Cyanamide waa wax soo saarka beeraha ee caadiga ah oo loo isticmaalo in lagu kiciyo caleenta hore.
Calcium Carbide sidoo kale waxaa loo shaqaaleysiin karaa sida wakiilka wasakheeyaha si loo soo saaro birta kaarboon baaruudda hoose. Sidoo kale, waxa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiil wax-yareeya si looga soo saaro biraha milixdooda, tusaale ahaan, hoos u dhigista tooska ah ee copper sulfide ilaa naxaas macdan ah. ololaya. Dheeraad ah, waxay ku lug leedahay dhimista copper sulfide ilaa naxaas macdan ah.
Chemwin waxay siin kartaa noocyo badan oo kaarboon-karboon ah iyo dareerayaasha kiimikaad ee macaamiisha warshadaha.Intaa ka hor, fadlan akhri macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee soo socda ee ku saabsan ganacsiga nala samee:
1. Amniga
Badbaadadu waa mudnaantayada koowaad. Marka laga soo tago siinta macaamiisha macluumaadka ku saabsan isticmaalka badbaadada iyo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo leh ee alaabtayada, waxaan sidoo kale go'aansanay inaan hubinno in khataraha badbaadada shaqaalaha iyo qandaraaslayaasha la dhimay ilaa ugu yaraan macquul ah oo macquul ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaan uga baahannahay macmiilka inuu hubiyo in heerarka badbaadada dejinta iyo kaydinta ku habboon ay buuxiyeen ka hor inta aan la keenin (fadlan tixraac lifaaqa HSSE ee shuruudaha iyo shuruudaha iibka ee hoose). Khubaradayada HSSE waxay ku siin karaan hagitaan heerarkan.
2. Habka gaarsiinta
Macaamiisha waxay ka dalban karaan oo ka keeni karaan alaabta chemwin, ama waxay ka heli karaan alaabta warshadeena wax soo saarka. Noocyada gaadiidka ee la heli karo waxaa ka mid ah baabuurta xamuulka qaada, tareenada ama gaadiidka casriga ah (xaalad gooni ah ayaa jira).
Marka laga hadlayo shuruudaha macmiilka, waxaan qeexi karnaa shuruudaha maraakiibta ama booyadaha waxaanan adeegsan karnaa heerarka badbaadada / dib u eegista iyo shuruudaha.
3. Tirada dalabka ugu yar
Haddii aad alaab ka soo iibsato mareegahayaga, tirada dalbashada ugu yar waa 30 tan.
4.Bixinta
Habka lacag bixinta caadiga ah ayaa si toos ah looga jarayaa 30 maalmood gudahooda laga bilaabo qaansheegta.
5. Dukumentiga keenista
Dukumeentiyada soo socda ayaa la keenay keenista kasta:
Bill of Lading, CMR Waybill ama dukumeenti gaadiid oo kale oo khuseeya
Shahaadada Falanqaynta ama waafaqsanaanta (haddii loo baahdo)
Dukumeenti la xidhiidha HSSE oo waafaqsan xeerarka
Dukumeenti kastamka oo waafaqsan xeerarka (haddii loo baahdo)
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