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Magaca Alaabta:Oxalic acid
Qaab molecular:C2H2O4
CAS Maya:144-62-7
Qaab-dhismeedka molecular ee alaabta:
Oxalic acid waxaa si ballaaran loogu qaybiyaa dhirta dabiiciga ah, inta badan waxay ku jirtaa qaabka cusbada oxalic acid. CW Scheele ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo saartay oxalate 1776.
Oxalate waa aashitada ugu xoogga badan ee dicarboxylic acid. Marka laga soo tago in ay leedahay sifooyinka guud ee karboxilic acid, waxa ay sidoo kale leedahay dhimista hantida waxana ay qiyaas ahaan hoos u dhigi kartaa todobada valence manganese ilaa manganese bivalent. Hantidan waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa falanqaynta tirada ee potassium permanganate.
5 C2H2O4 + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 →K2SO4 + 2 MNSO4 + 8H2O + 10 CO2;
Oxalic acid waxa kale oo ay yarayn kartaa birta trivalent-ka ee bivalent. Sababtoo ah milanka sare ee birta bivalent ee biyaha, waxaan codsan karnaa mabda'an si aan uga saarno miridhku dharka.
Oxalic acid waxay la falgali kartaa fosfooraska pentachloride si ay u dhaliso fosfooraska oxychloride. C2H2O4 + PCl5 → POCl3 + CO + CO2 + 2 HCL.
Oxalic acid waxay la falgali kartaa biro badan si ay u soo saarto cusbada oxalic acid. Marka lagu daro milixda birta ah ee alkali iyo cusbada birta bivalent ee leh inta soo hadhay ee oxalic acid oo aan si liidata ugu milmin biyaha. Cusbada birta ah qaarkood, inkasta oo ay si liidata ugu milmayn biyaha, waxa ay dhalin karaan kakan oo ku milmay biyaha.
Fe2 (C2O4) 3 + 3 K2C2O4 + 6 H2O →2 K3 [Fe (C2O4) 3] • 6 H2O.
Marka la kululeeyo, birta alkali iyo birta dhulka alkaline oxalic acid cusbadu waxay lumin kartaa kaarboon moono-oksaydh waxayna sameeyaan karbohaydhyo leh karboonaydh sii wadida kulaylinta si ay u sii kala goyso oxide iyo carbon dioxide. Cusbada oxalic acid ee nikkel, cobalt iyo silver waxay ugu dambeyntii soo saari kartaa birta halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd oksaydhka aan birta ahayn.
Badeecooyinka burburiya oxalate waa kaarboon laba ogsaydh, kaarboon monoksaydh iyo biyo.
Oxalate iyo oxalic acid cusbadu waa sun. Jiirarka, iyada oo loo marayo maamulka afka, ayaa leh LD50 ee 2000 ~ 4000 mg/kg.
1. Oxalic acid waxaa inta badan loo isticmaali karaa sida hoos u dhigista wakiilka iyo warankiilada, mordant ee midabaynta iyo warshadaha daabacaadda, sidoo kale loo isticmaalo sifaynta biraha dhif ah, synthesis of oxalate ester amide kala duwan, oxalate iyo cawska, iwm.
2. Loo isticmaalo sidii falanqeeye falanqeyn ahaan.
3. Loo isticmaalo sidii reagents shaybaadhka, reagents falanqaynta chromatography, dhex dhexaadinta dheeha iyo walxaha caadiga ah.
4. Oxalic acid waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarida dawooyinka sida antibiyootiga iyo borneol iyo dareeraha laga soo saaro birta dhifka ah, yaraynta dheeha iyo dheeha, maqaarka, iwm. ester, oxalate, iyo oxamide oo leh diethyl oxalate, sodium oxalate iyo calcium oxalate oo leh waxsoosaarka ugu badan. Oxalate waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa soo saarida cobalt-molybdenum-alumina kicinta, nadiifinta birta iyo marmarka iyo sidoo kale nadiifinta dunta.
Chemwin waxay siin kartaa noocyo badan oo kaarboon-karboon ah iyo dareerayaasha kiimikaad ee macaamiisha warshadaha.Intaa ka hor, fadlan akhri macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee soo socda ee ku saabsan ganacsiga nala samee:
1. Amniga
Badbaadadu waa mudnaantayada koowaad. Marka laga soo tago siinta macaamiisha macluumaadka ku saabsan isticmaalka badbaadada iyo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo leh ee alaabtayada, waxaan sidoo kale go'aansanay inaan hubinno in khataraha badbaadada shaqaalaha iyo qandaraaslayaasha la dhimay ilaa ugu yaraan macquul ah oo macquul ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaan uga baahannahay macmiilka inuu hubiyo in heerarka badbaadada dejinta iyo kaydinta ku habboon ay buuxiyeen ka hor inta aan la keenin (fadlan tixraac lifaaqa HSSE ee shuruudaha iyo shuruudaha iibka ee hoose). Khubaradayada HSSE waxay ku siin karaan hagitaan heerarkan.
2. Habka gaarsiinta
Macaamiisha waxay ka dalban karaan oo ka keeni karaan alaabta chemwin, ama waxay ka heli karaan alaabta warshadeena wax soo saarka. Noocyada gaadiidka ee la heli karo waxaa ka mid ah baabuurta xamuulka qaada, tareenada ama gaadiidka casriga ah (xaalad gooni ah ayaa jira).
Marka laga hadlayo shuruudaha macmiilka, waxaan qeexi karnaa shuruudaha maraakiibta ama booyadaha waxaanan adeegsan karnaa heerarka badbaadada / dib u eegista iyo shuruudaha.
3. Tirada dalabka ugu yar
Haddii aad alaab ka soo iibsato mareegahayaga, tirada dalbashada ugu yar waa 30 tan.
4.Bixinta
Habka lacag bixinta caadiga ah ayaa si toos ah looga jarayaa 30 maalmood gudahooda laga bilaabo qaansheegta.
5. Dukumentiga keenista
Dukumeentiyada soo socda ayaa la keenay keenista kasta:
Bill of Lading, CMR Waybill ama dukumeenti gaadiid oo kale oo khuseeya
Shahaadada Falanqaynta ama waafaqsanaanta (haddii loo baahdo)
Dukumeenti la xidhiidha HSSE oo waafaqsan xeerarka
Dukumeenti kastamka oo waafaqsan xeerarka (haddii loo baahdo)